Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the sleep quality as well as the influence of social support on the sleep quality of elderly people in nursing homes in northeast China, and analyze the chain-mediating role of psychological adjustment and coping styles in social support and sleep quality, thereby to provide a scientific basis for the development of effective intervention measures in this direction.<br /> Patients and Methods: This study was conducted during January-March 2023 and adopted a cluster sampling method to select 5 elderly care institutions from across the Jilin, Liaoning, and Heilongjiang provinces in Northeast China. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the Self-mate General Situation Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Nursing Home Adjustment Scale for the Elderly, Social Support Rating Scale, and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire. Statistical analysis methods, including ANOVA, logistic multi-factor regression, and Pearson's correlation were employed in SPSS 26.0, while Amos 26.0 was used to build a structural equation model to analyze the interaction path and the mediating role between the variables.<br /> Results: The sleep quality of elderly individuals in elderly care institutions was relatively low 8.43(3.456). Social support of elderly individuals in elderly care institutions affected their sleep quality through i) both psychological adjustment and face-to-face coping style (B = 0.493, P < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.050-0.122) and ii) both psychological adjustment and avoidance coping style (B = - 0.302, P < 0.001, 95% CI = - 0.119 to - 0.048). Psychological adjustment, confrontation coping, and avoidance coping played a mediating role in the sequential relationship between social support and the sleep quality of elderly individuals in elderly care institutions.<br /> Conclusion: Psychological adjustment and coping styles have a chain-mediating effect between social support and sleep quality of the elderly in northeast China's elderly care institutions.
