Blockchain-Based Self-Certified Key Exchange Protocol for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

How to safely and anonymously interact with fog nodes' charging stations is a big deal for hybrid electric vehicles in fog-based vehicular networks. Although there exist key exchange protocols, which tried to cover this critical concern, most of them are certificate-based. In addition, they do not support key revocation option or cannot totally resist advanced cyber attacks such as key compromise impersonation attack. As a result, this paper, by means of Blockchain, proposes a highly-secure self-certified key exchange protocol with an exceptional level of privacy. By the proper employment of distributed ledger, the suggested protocol can also support the authentication token revocation and immutability. Formal security and performance analyses as well as comparison with top scholarly articles demonstrate the distinct security features and applicability of the proposed protocol.