Modifiable risk factors of immediate and long-term outcomes in the operable and inoperable with left-sided infective endocarditis

Objectives: To evaluate the outcomes of left-sided infective endocarditis that can be operated on and cannot be operated on, and to focus on modifiable risk factors for immediate and long-term mortality. Methods: This study retrospectively investigated patients with left-sided infective endocarditis who occurred in our medical center between January 2006 and November 2022. Results: 48 in-hospital deaths occurred (5.8 %, 48/832). We identified time from symptoms to admission and symptomatic neurological complications to be risk factors for multiple organ failure upon admission. Time from symptoms to admission and vegetation size in group of isolated medical treatment were significantly shorter than those in the group of heart operation. We also found that preoperative neurological complications, annulus destruction, levels of serum creatinine at 24 and 48 h post heart operation, and perivalvular leakage are risk factors for inhospital mortality post heart operation. With 148 mu mol/L as a cutoff level, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of serum creatinine level 48 h post surgery for in-hospital mortality post cardiac surgery are 100 % and 81.6 %, respectively. We found that vegetation size, ICU stay, postoperative serum creatinine at 48 h, left ventricular end diastolic size postoperative, and red blood cell transfusion were associated with all-time mortality. Conclusions: Early diagnosis and treatment, improvement of surgical techniques, good protection for heart, kidney and blood and close follow-up are advocated to conduce to better immediate and long-term outcomes of the operable and inoperable with left-sided infective endocarditis.