Cost-Effectiveness of a Telemedicine Optometric-Based Assessment for Screening Diabetic Retinopathy in a Country with a Universal Public Health System

Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of a new telemedicine optometric-based screening program of diabetic retinopathy (DR) compared with traditional models' assessments in a universal European public health system.Methods: A new teleophthalmology program for DR based on the assessment of retinographies (3-field Joslin Vision Network by a certified optometrist and a reading center [IOBA-RC]) was designed. This program was first conducted in a rural area 40 km from the referral hospital (Medina de Rioseco, Valladolid, Spain). The cost-effectiveness was compared with telemedicine based on evaluations by primary care physicians and general ophthalmologists, and to face-to-face examinations conducted by ophthalmologists. A decision tree model was developed to simulate the cost-effectiveness of both models, considering public and private costs. The effectiveness was measured in terms of quality of life.Results: A total of 261 patients with type 2 diabetes were included (42 had significant DR and required specific surveillance by the RC; 219 were undiagnosed). The sensitivity and specificity of the detection of DR were 100% and 74.1%, respectively. The telemedicine-based DR optometric screening model demonstrated similar utility to models based on physicians and general ophthalmologists and traditional face-to-face evaluations (0.845) at a lower cost/patient (<euro>51.23, <euro>71.65, and <euro>86.46, respectively).Conclusions: The telemedicine-based optometric screening program for DR in a RC demonstrated cost savings even in a developed country with a universal health care system. These results support the expansion of this kind of teleophthalmology program not only for screening but also for the follow-up of diabetic patients.