A tubular liquid-solid triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator for enhancing wave energy harvesting

The triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator (TEHG) is a prospective wave energy generation technology that directly transform low -frequency kinetic energy into electrical energy. This paper proposes a tubular liquid-solid-triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator (TLS-TEHG) that efficiently collect wave energy and drive ocean sensors. The innovative design of the generator structure ensures high integration between the electromagnetic generator (EMG) and the liquid -solid tubular triboelectric nanogenerator (LST-TENG). The magnetic sphere string length and the magnetic sphere diameter have a positive effect on the TLS-TEHG performance. TLS-TEHG combines the advantages of the LST-TENG and EMG, with the LST-TENG delivering 75 V, 8.8 mu W, and a current density of 0.0009 mu A/cm 2 at a frequency of 0.5 Hz, and the EMG delivering 0.3 V, 2.35 mW, and a current density of 16,858.8 mA/cm 2 at a frequency of 1.2 Hz. The TLS-TEHG can charge a 3.3F capacitor to 12 V and power ocean temperature sensors and LED illumination even at low frequencies (0.5 Hz). This research provides valuable technological support for enhancing wave energy harvesting efficiency, validating potential applications in wave energy harvest and self -powering of ocean sensors.