Effects of nanomaterials on mechanical properties in cementitious construction materials for high-strength concrete applications: a review

Nanomaterials have garnered significant attention in recent years for their potential to enhance the mechanical properties of cementitious construction materials, particularly in high-strength concrete applications. This review aims to explore the effects of various types of nanomaterials on the mechanical properties of concrete materials. Current developments in the synthesis, characterization, and use of nanomaterials in the field of cementitious materials are thoroughly examined in this review. The incorporation of various nanomaterials such as nano-silica, nano-titania, carbon nanotubes, nano-clay, and nano-alumina can significantly enhance the mechanical properties of cementitious construction materials, particularly in high-strength concrete applications. These nanomaterials contribute to denser microstructures, improved hydration products, and enhanced interfacial bonding within the cement matrix, ultimately leading to superior mechanical performance. However, proper dispersion, dosage, and compatibility considerations are essential to realize the full potential of nanomaterials in cementitious materials. The optimum % of NS in cement was reported to be between 1 and 8%, whereas the optimum % of graphene oxide (GO) in cement was reported to be only between 0.05 and 0.5%, imparting high strength characteristics to concrete. The findings of the study promote the use of nanoparticles in cement concrete to enhance the strength of high-rise concrete buildings. The results of various studies are compared, and some significant recommendations are also made. Furthermore, this research underscores the practical applications of nanocomposite-based concrete materials while acknowledging their limitations and opportunities.