A Review on Hybrid Nanofluids: Preparation Methods, Thermo Physical Properties and Applications

The adoption of hybrid fluids in machining processes offers multiple benefits, including improved heat dissipation, enhanced lubrication, extended tool life, better surface quality, and reduced environmental impact. These advantages make hybrid fluids an attractive choice for modern machining applications, where efficiency, performance, and sustainability are paramount. A hybrid nanofluid consists of two or more different types of nanoparticles in the base fluid. The primary goal of creating a hybrid nanofluid is to enhance thermal conductivity and heat transfer properties when combined than when employed separately as a standard mono-nanofluid. This paper reports various hybrid nanofluids used in the machining industries. Also, hybridization can make hybrid nanofluids extremely effective at improving heat transfer, surface roughness, and tool life. This study provides an overview of the thermophysical characteristics of hybrid nanofluids and preparation techniques.