Digital technologies for a net-zero energy future: A comprehensive review

The energy sector plays a vital role in achieving a sustainable net-zero future, and the adoption of advanced technologies such as AI, blockchain, quantum computing, digital twin, cloud computing, big data, IoT, and robotics is crucial to this transition. This paper presents a comprehensive review of over 2,000 papers to investigate the potential of these technologies in transforming the energy landscape. The analysis reveals nine main themes that emphasize the importance of these technologies in improving energy management, integrating renewable sources, and facilitating the transition to net zero emissions. The study highlights the need for future research in areas such as enhancing blockchain platforms, improving integration with traditional power systems, and refining regulations and incentives to support the adoption of these technologies. Additionally, the paper addresses the challenges faced in implementing quantum computing and digital twin technology in the energy sector and proposes potential solutions. The findings emphasize the critical role of these technologies in driving the energy sector towards a sustainable net-zero future and the need for continued research and development to align with global sustainability goals. This review provides valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders, emphasizing the importance of collaborative efforts in utilizing the potential of these technologies to create a more sustainable and resilient energy system.