Trust in Human-Agent Teams: A Multilevel Perspective and Future Research Agenda

As technology continues to advance, interest in how humans perceive and interact with autonomous agents has increased, spurring ample research within human-agent teams (HATs). However, the word team is a bit of a misnomer, in that much of this research has examined one human in relation to one agent. We extend the HAT literature by applying a multilevel lens to develop future research questions regarding trust in heterogeneous HATs. First, we assert that trust is an attitude that is multireferent, suggesting research should explore not just humans' trust in agents, but many other perspectives such as agents' trust in humans. Second, we assert that trust is multilevel, suggesting research should explore higher-level emergent forms of trust. Third and fourth, we assert trust is dynamic and event-based, suggesting research should explore discontinuous changes in trust in response to events such as agent- and human-enacted trust violation and repair.