Assessment of efficacy of chrysin in diabetes-associated cardiac complications in chick embryo and murine model

Objectives Patients with type 2 diabetes or prolonged diabetic condition are webbed into cardiac complications. This study aimed to ascertain the utility of chick embryo as an alternative to the mammalian model for type 2 diabetes-induced cardiac complications and chrysin as a protective agent.Methods Diabetes was activated in ovo model (chick embryo) using glucose along with beta-hydroxybutyric acid. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, Alamar, and Kenacid blue assay were used to compare with chrysin-administered group. Blood glucose level, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein were considered as endpoints. Diabetes was induced in Wistar albino rats by administering a high-fat diet and a subdued dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg, b.w). Percentage of glycated hemoglobin, creatinine kinase-MB, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and C-reactive protein were evaluated and compared with chrysin administered group.Key findings Chrysin treatment improved elevated blood glucose levels and dyslipidemia in a diabetic group of whole embryos. Condensed cellular growth and protein content as well as enhanced cytotoxicity in ovo were shielded by chrysin. Chrysin reduced cardiac and inflammatory markers in diabetic rats and provided cellular protection to damage the heart of diabetic rats.Conclusion The protective action of chrysin in ovo model induced a secondary complication associated with diabetes, evidenced that the ovo model is an effective alternative in curtailing higher animal use in scientific research.