Utilizing Photometry from Multiple Sources to Mitigate Stellar Variability in Precise Radial Velocities: A Case Study of Kepler-21

被引：2

作者：

Beard, Corey ^{[1
]}

Robertson, Paul ^{[1
]}

Giovinazzi, Mark R. ^{[2
]}

Murphy, Joseph M. Akana ^{[3
]}

Ford, Eric B. ^{[4
,5
,6
,7
]}

Halverson, Samuel ^{[8
]}

Han, Te ^{[1
]}

Holcomb, Rae ^{[1
]}

Lubin, Jack ^{[9
]}

Luque, Rafael ^{[10
]}

Premnath, Pranav ^{[1
]}

Bender, Chad F. ^{[11
]}

Blake, Cullen H. ^{[2
]}

Gong, Qian ^{[12
]}

Isaacson, Howard ^{[13
,14
]}

Kanodia, Shubham ^{[15
]}

Li, Dan ^{[16
]}

Lin, Andrea S. J. ^{[4
,5
]}

Logsdon, Sarah E. ^{[16
]}

Lubar, Emily ^{[17
]}

McElwain, Michael W. ^{[18
]}

Monson, Andrew ^{[11
]}

Ninan, Joe P. ^{[19
]}

Rajagopal, Jayadev ^{[16
]}

Roy, Arpita ^{[20
,21
]}

Schwab, Christian ^{[22
]}

Stefansson, Gudmundur ^{[23
]}

Terrien, Ryan C. ^{[24
]}

Wright, Jason T. ^{[4
,5
,25
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA

[2] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA

[3] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA

[4] Penn State, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[5] Penn State, Ctr Exoplanets & Habitable Worlds, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[6] Penn State, Inst Computat & Data Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[7] Penn State, Ctr Astrostat, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[8] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA

[9] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA

[10] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA

[11] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA

[12] NASA, Instrument Syst & Technol Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[13] Univ Calif Berkeley, 501 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[14] Univ Southern Queensland, Ctr Astrophys, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia

[15] Carnegie Inst Sci, Earth & Planets Lab, 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA

[16] NSFs Natl Opt Infrared Astron Res Lab, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA

[17] Aerosp Corp, Bldg D8, 200 N Aviat Blvd, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA

[18] NASA, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[19] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Homi Bhabha Rd, Mumbai 400005, India

[20] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA

[21] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA

[22] Macquarie Univ, Sch Math & Phys Sci, Balaclava Rd, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia

[23] Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands

[24] Carleton Coll, One North Coll St, Northfield, MN 55057 USA

[25] Penn State, Penn State Extraterr Intelligence Ctr, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

来源：

ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL | 2024年 / 168卷 / 04期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

LIMB-DARKENING COEFFICIENTS; HIPPARCOS-GAIA CATALOG; ROTATION PERIODS; K KEPLER; PLANET; STARS; MASSES; SYSTEM; ALGORITHM; UBVRIJHK;

D O I：

10.3847/1538-3881/ad6b22

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We present a new analysis of Kepler-21, the brightest (V = 8.5) Kepler system with a known transiting exoplanet, Kepler-21 b. Kepler-21 b is a radius valley planet (R = 1.6 +/- 0.2R circle plus) with an Earth-like composition (8.38 +/- 1.62 g cm-3), though its mass and radius fall in the regime of possible "water worlds." We utilize new Keck/High-Resolution Echelle Spectrometer and WIYN/NEID radial velocity (RV) data in conjunction with Kepler and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry to perform a detailed study of activity mitigation between photometry and RVs. We additionally refine the system parameters, and we utilize Gaia astrometry to place constraints on a long-term RV trend. Our activity analysis affirms the quality of Kepler photometry for removing correlated noise from RVs, despite its temporal distance, though we reveal some cases where TESS may be superior. Using refined orbital parameters and updated composition curves, we rule out a water world scenario for Kepler-21 b, and we identify a long-period super-Jupiter planetary candidate, Kepler-21 (c).

引用

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