Who Shares Fake News Intentionally and Unintentionally on Social Media? The Case of Facebook Users in Poland

By exploring users' engagement in communication and their social media literacy (SML), this study examines who shares fake news on Facebook intentionally and unintentionally. A two-phase online survey has been conducted among 1,000 active Facebook users in Poland. We found that users engaged in communication on multiple social media platforms tend to share fake news intentionally. There is a negative relationship between SML score and intentional sharing. However, those with higher functional consumption scores (the dimension of SML) tend to share fake news intentionally. Men are less likely to share fake news unintentionally. The crosstabulation of classes and variables related to social media use revealed that users with lower level of salary, education and occupational status are most likely to share fake news both intentionally and unintentionally.