Depressive symptoms, task choice, and effort: The moderating effect of personal control on cardiac response

Dysphoric individuals perceive mental tasks as more demanding and show increased cardiovascular responses during the performance of easy cognitive tasks. Recent research on action shielding indicates that providing individuals with personal control over their tasks can mitigate the effects of manipulated affective states on cardiovascular responses reflecting effort. We investigated whether the shielding effect of personal choice also applies to the effect of dispositional negative mood on effort. N = 125 university students with high (dysphoric) versus low (nondysphoric) depressive symptoms engaged in an easy cognitive task either by personal choice or external assignment. As expected, dysphoric individuals showed significantly stronger cardiac PEP reactivity during task performance when the task was externally assigned. Most importantly, this dysphoria effect disappeared when participants could ostensibly personally choose their task. Our findings show that the previously observed shielding effect of personal action choice against incidental affective stimulation also applies to dispositional negative affect. Dysphoric individuals show increased cardiovascular responses when performing easy cognitive tasks. This study revealed that personal control over the task to be performed can attenuate the effects of dispositional negative affect on effort-related cardiovascular responses. The present study extends recent research on action shielding. The shielding effect of personal choice against incidental affective stimulation also applies to dispositional negative affect related to individuals' depressive symptoms.