Research on the cost allocation mechanism of wind power heating in China from a cost-benefit perspective

Countries have formulated different transformation plans due to differences in resource endowments, energy strategies, and technological levels. Among them, the Chinese government has proposed continuing to increase the proportion of renewable energy generation in the field of power supply, especially the proportion of wind power, to achieve energy transition. Northern China is rich in wind energy resources, and the demand for heating in autumn and winter is high, providing favorable conditions for promoting wind power heating from the perspective of energy supply and demand. However, the costs and benefits of wind power heating for each participant greatly differ at various stages, and thus, it greatly affects their enthusiasm for participating in wind power heating projects, resulting in great difficulties in promoting and developing wind power heating. Therefore, this study takes Zhangjiakou, a pilot city of wind power heating in northern China, as an example to explore the cost allocation mechanism of wind power heating in China. First, the corresponding costs and benefits for the main participants in wind power heating are analyzed. Second, to consider the impact of the carbon emission reduction benefits and investment payback period on the cost allocation of wind power heating, four scenarios are constructed. Third, based on a cooperative game model, a new cost allocation design for the main participants is developed. Fourth, the key policy factors of the wind power heating trading mechanism and urban heating planning are analyzed. Finally, some suggestions for the promotion and sustainable development of wind power heating are proposed.