Passive energy-efficiency optimization in greenhouses using phase change materials; a comprehensive review

The present study provides a comprehensive analysis and assessment of the available research related to applications of phase change materials (PCMs) in greenhouses. The research works used PCM generally in four locations: greenhouse structure, PCM containers, greenhouse floor (underground), and solar collector. The review investigated the studies in the field from various aspects including the location, type, and quantity of PCMs used, considering simulation -based and experimental works in commercial and laboratory scales. The results showed that the location of the PCM is an important decision beside its type and quantity, however, most of the research mostly focused on the type and quantity. Integrating PCMs into greenhouse design can result in developing sustainable and cost-effective solutions to enhance passive energy efficiency in agriculture. This review provides concise and informative summaries that are particularly beneficial in research and practice.