Advancements in biosensing detection based on terahertz metasurfaces

Terahertz waves possess significant potential in various domains, including biomedical applications, due to their distinct characteristics. The metasurface comprising subwavelength structures enables precise manipulation of terahertz waves by designing unit structures with varying parameters, thereby controlling optical properties such as amplitude and phase of terahertz waves. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the progress in terahertz metasurfaces based biosensing applications, encompassing detection of proteins, amino acids, cells, and nucleic acids. It also discusses the integration of artificial intelligence algorithms and the implementation of tunable terahertz metasurfaces based biosensing applications. Moreover, this review provides a comparison between terahertz metasurfaces based biosensing and commonly used biodetection methods. Lastly, this paper discusses the future prospects and potential applications of terahertz metasurfaces based biosensing.