Symptom experiences and self-management strategies of patients with haematological malignancy undergoing chemotherapy: A qualitative study

Objective: To explore symptom experiences and self-management strategies from the haematological malignancy patient's perspective. Methods: A qualitative descriptive approach was used to provide a direct and comprehensive understanding of the symptoms experienced and self-management strategies during treatment among patients with haematological malignancy. Fourteen patients with haematologic malignancies who received chemotherapy at a Chinese tertiary hospital were selected using purposeful sampling. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and one-onone patient sessions. The collected data were analysed using the content analysis methods. Reporting adhered to the COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research (COREQ) guidelines. Results: The data from this study were categorized into four themes and eight subthemes: (1) the dynamics and complexity of symptom experience (nonlinear, and overloaded symptom burden); (2) strategies for coping with symptomatic change (actively responding to challenges, and facing symptoms negatively); (3) symptom affects interaction (symptoms affect family interactions, and symptoms affect social interactions); and (4) benefit from symptom management (promoting family relationships, and regaining a new role in society). Conclusions: Patients with haematological malignancy undergoing chemotherapy still face complex and variable symptoms, and there are still considerable challenges in symptom management. The findings underscore that health care providers should provide the necessary symptom assessment to enhance the well-being of patients based on the characteristics of the patient's symptom experience and symptom management needs at different stages of the disease.