Association between air pollution and bone mineral density: a Mendelian randomization study

Introduction: The association of air pollution with bone mineral density (BMD) has attracted increasing attention. However, establishing a causal relationship remains uncertain.<br /> Methods: We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study employing PM2.5, PM2.5-10, PM10, nitrogen dioxide, and nitrogen oxides as exposures and BMD as the outcome to explore the causality between air pollution and the occurrence of decreased BMD.<br /> Results: By employing the IVW method, we identified a negative causality between air pollution (PM2.5, PM10, and nitrogen oxides) and BMD.<br /> Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that PM2.5, PM10 and nitrogen oxides exposure may contribute to decreased BMD.