Investigation on antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and neuropsychiatry potential of phyto-mediated ZnONPs using Colebrookea oppositifolia

The present study reports the phyto-mediated synthesis of ZnONPs using methanol extracts and n-Butanol fractions from the roots and leaves of C. oppositifolia. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, and XPS techniques to determine their crystallite structure, elemental composition, surface topography, and physio-chemical properties. Furthermore, the biological potential of ZnONPs was evaluated for antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and in vitro cytotoxic potential on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines. Notably, LEME-ZnONPs exhibited exceptional antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 30.200 mu g/mL in the DPPH assay. The antimicrobial efficacy was also remarkable, displaying high maximum activity against bacterial strains, evidenced by zones of inhibition (ZOI) measuring 15.67 +/- 0.58 mm (E. coli) and 14.67 +/- 0.58 mm (S. aureus) for RTME-ZnONPs, attributable to their small crystallite size. Similarly, against antifungal strains, LEBF-ZnONPs (60.94 +/- 0.83 %) and RTBF-ZnONPs (60.85 +/- 0.74 %) exhibited potency to inhibit both F. oxysporum and R. necatrix due to their small particle size. Furthermore, LEBF-ZnONPs demonstrated superior anti-inflammatory properties, registering an impressive 98.681 %, outperforming Diclofenac sodium (96.835 %). Importantly, the phyto-mediated ZnONPs exhibited minimal cytotoxicity on SH-SY5Y cell lines at 62.5 mu g/mL, a concentration employed as an experimental model to assess neuronal function. The multifaceted applications of phyto-mediated ZnONPs extend across various fields, including pharmaceutical sciences, agriculture, and the treatment of neurological diseases.