This review focuses on the comprehensive study of two different crystal structures of cadmium sulfide (CdS), namely hexagonal wurtzite CdS and cubic zinc blende CdS, with emphasis on their synthesis, unique properties, and diverse applications. To provide insight into the intricacies of producing these crystal structures, the synthesis methods for both crystals of CdS are examined in detail. The paper carefully examines the distinctive properties of hexagonal and cubic CdS, shedding light on their electronic properties, optical behavior, and structural features. Furthermore, this review highlights the practical implications of these properties by exploring the applications of cubic and hexagonal CdS in various fields. The discussion covers a wide range of applications, from electronic and opto-electronic devices to catalytic converters and sensors. The interplay between the crystal structures and their applications is analyzed, providing a holistic understanding of the importance of cubic and hexagonal CdS in the field of materials science. Through a comprehensive survey of existing literature and research results, this review aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers, scientists, and enthusiasts interested in the synthesis, properties, and applications of CdS, and to contribute to the ongoing dialogue in the fields of materials science and nanotechnology. The distinctive properties of hexagonal and cubic CdS illuminate their electronic, optical, and structural features, with practical implications explored through their applications in various fields.
