Experimental and kinetic modeling study of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene oxidation at elevated pressure

This work presents the experimental and modeling results of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (T135MB) oxidation in a jet -stirred reactor at equivalence ratios ( Phi) of 0.4 and 2.0, temperature range of 660 -1020 K and pressure of 12.0 atm. 5 aromatic compounds, 5 oxygenated species and 6 light hydrocarbons were identified and quantified using GC and GC -MS. Compared with previous oxidation studies, 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylbenzene, 3,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde, 3,5-dimethylphenol, ethylene and acetylene were newly detected. A detailed chemical kinetic model involving 911 species and 5370 reactions was developed and validated against experimental results of T135MB oxidation speciation at jet -stirred reactor and shock tube, laminar burning velocities and ignition delay times. Rate -of -production analysis shows that the dominant consumption channel of T135MB is H -abstraction by OH radicals on methyl sites, and 3,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde is a key intermediate in the oxidation of T135MB. Compared with atmospheric pressure, sharp consumption of T135MB was observed (the fuel conversion rate changes from 25 % at 838 K to 95 % at 839 K) under fuel -lean condition at 12 atm, which results from the rapid growth of OH radicals controlled by H 2 O 2 ( +M) = 2OH( +M). Sensitivity analysis reveals that H -abstraction reactions of T135MB by OH and H on methyl sites are the most inhibiting reactions at Phi = 0.4 and 2.0, respectively, when T135MB conversion rate is 25 %. However, these two reactions become promoting at 95 % T135MB conversion. The H -abstraction reaction of T135MB with O 2 on methyl sites is the most promoting at 25 % T135MB conversion, shifting to an inhibiting reaction at 95 % conversion. Novelty and significance statement: The novelty of this research is that high-pressure and low -temperature oxidation experiment of T135MB covering both fuel -lean and fuel -rich conditions was first reported in this work with abundant intermediates information. Rapid consumption of T135MB under fuel -lean condition was observed, and new intermediates such as 3,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde were detected which plays an important role in the fuel conversion. Additionally, a comprehensive kinetic model for T135MB was developed, which well predicts speciation, ignition delay times and laminar flame speeds under wide range of conditions. It is significant because the high pressure data is very important for the model validation since it is more close to the real engine -operating conditions. Moreover, the model provides insight on the high pressure chemical kinetics of the aviation surrogate fuel consumption and deepens the understanding of low -temperature oxidation of alkyl aromatics.