Construction and Application of Regional Carbon Performance Evaluation Index System: The Case of Chinese Provinces

As global warming becomes increasingly severe, reducing carbon emissions and promoting low-carbon development has become an international consensus. Against this backdrop, evaluating regional carbon performance helps better understand the carbon emission status, emission reduction capabilities, and low-carbon development levels, providing a scientific basis for formulating targeted carbon emission reduction policies. This study constructed a "5E" regional carbon performance evaluation index system from five dimensions: economy, effectiveness, efficiency, environmentality, and equity. Then, this study evaluated and analyzed the carbon performance of 30 provinces in China from 2008 to 2021 using the entropy weight TOPSIS method. The research results indicated that (1) during the sample period, China's carbon performance ranged from 0.416 to 0.504, exhibiting a steady upward trend; the highest score among the first-level indicators was Effectiveness, while the lowest was Economy; (2) in terms of carbon performance among China's three major regions, it showed a decreasing pattern from east to west, with the growth potential of the central and western regions being greater than that of the eastern region; (3) in 2033, the carbon performance of China in the eastern region, the central region, and the western region will reach 0.602, 0.612, 0.613, and 0.582, respectively. A carbon performance evaluation carries significant practical and strategic implications. Our study can provide a reference for policymakers to assess carbon emission performance and improve carbon management efficiency and decision-making levels.