What is the best measure of discrimination against trans people?: A systematic review of the psychometric literature

To understand the levels and types of discrimination experienced by a minoritised group such as trans people, it is essential that researchers have access to psychometrically sound indicators of discrimination. While a surfeit of measures exist assessing trans individuals' experiences of transnegativity, to date, no systematic review of these instruments has been conducted. In the current study, 116 scales were evaluated on the basis of their adherence to best practices in psychometric testing. The findings indicated that, for most of the instruments assessed, limited information was provided about their psychometric properties (in particular, item development and refinement, factor structure, and scale score reliability and validity). The measures that evidenced strongest adherence to best practice recommendations in scale development are identified, and recommendations are made for the creation of new instruments assessing trans people's experiences of transnegativity.