Of Money and Men: A Scoping Review to Map Gender Barriers to Immunization Coverage in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

被引:0
|
作者
Kalbarczyk, Anna [1 ]
Brownlee, Natasha [2 ]
Katz, Elizabeth [2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
[2] Global Ctr Gender Equal, Washington, DC 20036 USA
[3] Univ San Francisco, Dept Econ, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA
关键词
gender; immunization coverage; vaccination; LMICs; inequality; HPV VACCINE ACCEPTABILITY; CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION; MATERNAL AUTONOMY; HEALTH; DETERMINANTS; PERSPECTIVES; ACCEPTANCE; BANGLADESH; INTENTION; ATTITUDES;
D O I
10.3390/vaccines12060625
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
Among the multiple factors impeding equitable childhood immunization coverage in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), gender barriers stand out as perhaps the most universal. Despite increasing recognition of the importance of gender considerations in immunization programming, there has not yet been a systematic assessment of the evidence on gender barriers to immunization. We conducted a scoping review to fill that gap, identifying 92 articles that described gender barriers to immunization. Studies documented a range of gender influencers across 43 countries in Africa and South Asia. The barrier to immunization coverage most frequently cited in the literature is women's lack of autonomous decision-making. Access to immunization is significantly impacted by women's time poverty; direct costs are also a barrier, particularly when female caregivers rely on family members to cover costs. Challenges with clinic readiness compound female caregiver's time constraints. Some of the most important gender barriers lie outside of the usual purview of immunization programming but other barriers can be addressed with adaptations to vaccination programming. We can only know how important these barriers are with more research that measures the impact of programming on gender barriers to immunization coverage.
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页数:15
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