Human Papillomavirus (HPV16 and HPV18) Infection; Pathogenesis, Vaccination, and Detection by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification with Lateral Flow Dipstick Tests: A Review

Context: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections contribute to the cause of 15% - 20% of all human cancers. This review aims to examine and provide updated information on various aspects, with a particular focus on topics that are of interest to dermatologists. Evidence Acquisition: Using published studies, the pathogenicity of HPV was investigated. Subsequently, the existing vaccines were explored, followed by a review of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification-lateral flow dipstick (LAMP-LFD) method. Results: For HPV detection, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), self-sustained sequence replication (3SR), strand displacement amplification (SDA), and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) were used. These methods can have good detection but still have problems. In comparison with nested PCR, the detection of HPV16 and HPV18 using LAMP-LFD has higher sensitivity. Conclusions: Loop-mediated isothermal amplification-lateral flow dipstick is a simple and rapid method for the specific and sensitive detection of HPV. Thus, along with the previous HPV16 and HPV18 diagnostic tools, LAMP-LFD might be useful in field studies or local hospitals.