Seasonal variations and humic acid effects on grain yield and its components traits of some triticale genotypes

Climate change is a major factor limiting triticale crop production worldwide. One of the key strategies to help triticale plants tolerate seasonal fluctuations is to apply humic acid (HA) and choose the right genotype for the right location. This represents the goals of this study. Two field experiments were conducted in the Abo Kwela location, Marsa Matrouh, Egypt during the 2021/21 and 2021/22 seasons, entailing four genotypes (ICBA triticale, T8, T11, and T6) with three HA rates (0, 7.2, and 14.4 kg ha(-1)). According to ANOVA, the seasons, genotypes, and HA rates, as well interaction of genotypes x HA significantly influenced the grain yield and other traits evaluated (P<0.05 or 0.01). Grain yield and other yield component traits under study had low CV% values. When compared to the 2020/2021 growth season, the 2021/2022 growing season significantly enhanced all traits evaluated in all factors investigated. The T11 genotype had significantly increased grain yield and all traits than the other genotypes in both seasons, which ranged from 4% to 9% for grain yield compared to other studied genotypes. Regardless of the season or genotype, HA significantly increased grain yield and other studied traits, with the largest increase occurring when 14.4 kg ha(-1) was applied. The significant differences among the three experimental factors showed the superiority of the studied traits in the 2021/22 season, T11 genotype and 14.4 kg ha(-1) of HA compared with the other levels of each factor from these three factors. In general, the results of the mean performances and multivariate analysis recommend using the T11 genotype fertilized with 14.4 kg ha(-1) of HA to enhance and improve triticale productivity under various environmental conditions.