[1] Leeds Teaching Hosp NHS Trust, Pain Management Dept, Leeds, England
[2] Univ Leeds, Sch Med, Leeds, England
[3] Univ Leeds, Fac Biol Sci, Sch Biomed Sci, Leeds, England
[4] Univ Leeds, Leeds Inst Data Analyt, Sch Med, Leeds, England
[5] Leeds Teaching Hosp NHS Trust, Dept Neurosci, Leeds, England
[6] Leeds Teaching Hosp NHS Trust, Dept Spine Surg, Leeds, England
[7] Univ Leeds, Inst Med & Biol Engn, Leeds, England
[8] Musgrove Pk Hosp, Somerset Spinal Surg Serv, Taunton, England
[9] Dudley Grp NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Trauma & Orthopaed Surg, Dudley, England
[10] Leeds Teaching Hosp NHS Trust, Res & Innovat, Leeds, England
[11] Univ Leeds, Leeds Inst Clin Trials Res, Leeds, England
[12] Leeds Teaching Hosp NHS Trust, Dept Radiol, Leeds, England
[13] Bradford Teaching Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Radiol Dept, Bradford, England
[14] Comprehens Specialty Care, Edmond, OK USA
[15] Spine & Nerve Ctr Virginias, Charleston, WV USA
[16] Univ Kentucky, Dept Biomed Engn, Lexington, KY USA