Can serum C-reactive protein determine the timing of reimplantation in two-stage revised arthroplasty for periprosthetic hip infection?

Background: There are no definitive guides to determine the timing of reimplantation in two-stage revision total hip arthroplasties (THA) for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). This study was to design to support a rational strategy of surgical treatment using serum C-reactive protein (CRP). Methods: We analyzed a total of 75 hips for PJI in the process of performing two-stage and multiple-stage revision THAs. CRP level was retrospectively evaluated every week and transformed to log2 (CRP) using a logistic regression model. Prosthesis survival from recurrent infection was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis, using implant removal as the endpoint. Receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated using each log2 (CRP) to assess predictions of recurrent infection. Results: The 10-year survival rates were 85% (95% confidence interval, 76-95) and 100% for two-stage and multiple-stage revision THAs, respectively. Preoperatively, at 1, 2, 3, and 5 weeks, log2 (CRP) was not associated with recurrent infection. In failed two-stage revision THAs, log2 (CRP) at 3 weeks divided by that at 2 weeks showed a significant difference. Failure was associated with a ratio of >4.0 for the CRP level between 3 and 2 weeks. Conclusion: In two-stage revision THA for PJI, patients with CRP elevation from 2 weeks to 3 weeks, especially 4-fold elevation, suggests the need for further debridement and postponement of second-staged reimplantation. (c) 2023 The Japanese Orthopaedic Association. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.