Twiddler's Syndrome Causing Lead Fracture in Sacral Neuromodulation: A Case Report

Twiddler's syndrome is the voluntary or involuntary manipulation of an implanted device, most described in cardiac literature. Lead coiling may result in device malfunction due to lead migration or, less commonly, lead fracture. There are few but increasing reports of Twiddler's syndrome resulting in lead migration in sacral neuromodulation, but lead fracture has not yet been described. A 57-year-old Latina female presented with fecal incontinence and refractory overactive bladder. She underwent successful implantation of a sacral neuromodulation device with the resolution of symptoms. Following significant weight loss and two falls, she developed a recurrence of symptoms and was found to have lead migration on pelvic radiographs. At the time of surgical intervention, radiographs demonstrated worsened Twiddler's syndrome with complete lead fracture despite no further trauma. She subsequently underwent partial lead removal and replacement with additional measures to prevent Twiddler's syndrome and its sequelae. Twiddler's syndrome resulting in lead fracture can occur in sacral neuromodulation. Preventive techniques may be applied for patients with known risk factors for Twiddler's syndrome, especially generator anchoring and lead replacement.