Zinc-Ion Battery Chemistries Enabled by Regulating Electrolyte Solvation Structure

Designing next-generation alternative energy storage devices that feature high safety, low cost, and long operation lifespan is of the utmost importance for future wide range of applications. Aqueous zinc-ion batteries play a vital part in promoting the development of portability, sustainability, and diversification of rechargeable battery systems. Based on the theory of electrolyte solvation chemistry, deep understanding of interaction between electrolyte components and their impact on the chemical properties has achieved a series of research progress. Analyzing the solvation shell of electrolyte or structure-performance relationship, and establishing more stable and high-energy battery chemistries are inevitable requirements to suppress the electrolyte-electrode interphase side reaction and realize the functional use of zinc-ion batteries. In this critical review, the attempt is to overview the current comprehension regarding the electrolyte solvation structure in zinc battery technology. Advanced methodology toward the interactions between zinc cations, solvent molecules, and anions in zinc aqueous electrolytes and the general rules for electrolyte design from the atomic level are summarized. Methods for viable solvation modification are then introduced regarding overcoming the remained challenges for transferring the laboratory results to next-generation practical applications. Possible research direction with the aim of investigating the ultimate choice for future high-performance electrolyte solvation construction is also outlined. The comprehensive understanding of electrolyte solvation chemistry is a prerequisite to construct safe and powerful rechargeable zinc-ion batteries. This review aims to provide timely and objective information for rational electrolyte solvation design principles with an overview of the recent attempts toward the cation-anion-solvent interactions and structure-function relationship. image