Disability and COVID-19: Challenges, testing, vaccination, and postponement and avoidance of medical care among minoritized communities

被引：4

作者：

Martin, Haley R. ^{[1
]}

Hu, Nan ^{[2
]}

Liu, Qingyun ^{[1
]}

Rodriguez, Jose A. Bastida ^{[1
]}

Gieseken, Stephanie ^{[1
]}

Johnson, Angelique ^{[1
]}

Enrione, Evelyn ^{[1
]}

Trepka, Mary Jo ^{[3
]}

Brown, David R. ^{[4
]}

Marty, Aileen M. ^{[4
]}

Martinez, Sabrina Sales ^{[1
]}

Campa, Adriana ^{[1
]}

Roldan, Eneida O. ^{[4
]}

Suarez, Yolangel Hernandez ^{[4
]}

Barbieri, Manuel ^{[5
]}

Palacios, Cristina ^{[1
]}

Bursac, Zoran ^{[2
]}

Baum, Marianna K. ^{[1
,6
]}

机构：

[1] Florida Int Univ, Robert Stempel Coll Publ Hlth & Social Work, Dept Dietet & Nutr, 11200 SW 8th St,AHC5, Miami, FL 33199 USA

[2] Florida Int Univ, Robert Stempel Coll Publ Hlth & Social Work, Dept Biostat, 11200 SW 8th St,AHC5, Miami, FL 33199 USA

[3] Florida Int Univ, Robert Stempel Coll Publ Hlth & Social Work, Dept Epidemiol, 11200 SW 8th St,AHC5, Miami, FL 33199 USA

[4] Florida Int Univ, Herbert Wertheim Coll Med, 11200 SW 8th St,AHC2, Miami, FL 33199 USA

[5] Florida Int Univ, Coll Arts Sci & Educ, Dept Biol Sci, 11200 SW 8th St,OE 167, Miami, FL 33199 USA

[6] Florida Int Univ, Robert Stempel Coll Publ Hlth & Social Work, 11200 SW 8 St,AHC-5,Room 327, Miami, FL 33199 USA

来源：

DISABILITY AND HEALTH JOURNAL | 2024年 / 17卷 / 02期

关键词：

Disability; COVID-19; Testing; Vaccination; Healthcare engagement; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH-CARE; PEOPLE; ACCESS; ADULTS; IMPACT;

D O I：

10.1016/j.dhjo.2023.101571

中图分类号：

R19 [保健组织与事业（卫生事业管理）];

学科分类号：

摘要：

Background: People with disabilities face heightened vulnerability to COVID-19. Objective: This study investigated (1) the relationships between disability and COVID-19-related challenges, testing, vaccination, and infection and (2) predictors of loss of healthcare coverage and postponement and avoidance of medical care during the pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Miami, Florida, between March 2021 and February 2022 as part of the NIH Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics-Underserved Populations initiative. Disability was defined using a standard measure that assesses six universal functions. Participants reported sociodemographic data, COVID-19 testing, infection history, challenges, and healthcare history. Vaccinations were confirmed with medical records and COVID-19 positivity was assessed using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analyses included multivariable logistic regression. Results: Among 1,689 participants with a median age of 57.0, 50.6% were male, and 48.9% were non -Hispanic Black. Disability was associated with greater odds of all assessed COVID-19 challenges: healthcare (aOR:1.60; 95% CI:1.232.07), housing (aOR:2.15; 95% CI:1.62-2.87), insufficient food (aOR:1.97; 95% CI:1.54-2.52), water scarcity (aOR:2.33; 95% CI:1.60-3.37), medications (aOR:2.04; 95% CI:1.51-2.77), and transportation (aOR:2.56; 95% CI:1.95-3.36). Those reporting employment disability were less likely to have received COVID-19 testing (81.1% vs. 85.3%, p = 0.026) or to have history of COVID-19 positivity (aOR:0.63; 95% CI:0.44-0.92). Disability predicted avoidance (aOR:2.76; 95% CI:1.95-3.91) and postponement (aOR: 2.24; 95% CI:1.72-2.91) of medical care. Conclusions: Disability is associated with higher odds of COVID-19 challenges and postponement and avoidance of medical care. Those reporting employment disability had a lower likelihood of COVID-19 testing. Public health responses to healthcare crises should prioritize the special challenges of people living with disabilities.

引用

页数：10

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