Preventive health measures in small and medium-sized enterprises: A scoping review on implementation strategies

Objective: To describe implementation strategies for preventive health measures in SMEs and the effectiveness of the strategies on implementation outcomes. Methods: A literature search was performed in multiple electronic databases. Studies published between 2000 and 2021 that evaluated the implementation of preventive health measures in SMEs were included. Classification of implementation strategies was based on two complementary classification systems. Results: Nineteen studies, of which 5 RCTs were included. Eighteen distinct implementation strategies were reported. All studies applied a combination of implementation strategies, and nearly all reported a positive effect on one or more implementation outcomes: sustainability, acceptability, feasibility, penetration, fidelity, adoption, and appropriateness. Conclusions: Overall, a positive effect of combined implementation strategies on the implementation outcome(s) was found. The 'distribution of educational materials ' and 'provide ongoing consultation ' combined show positive effects on sustainability.