Stretchable Conductive Inks with Carbon-Based Fillers for Conformable Printed Electronics

With the constant increase of electronic waste globally, society is demanding and governments are boosting the development of electronics with less pollutant materials and reduced environmental impact. One way to achieve this is to implement materials that are functional and structural at the same time, reducing material use and assembling parts. Further, printing techniques, such as screen printing, reduce considerably costs and time compared with conventional electronics; combined with methods to conform printed electronics to a 3D shape, such as thermoforming, allow to obtain nonplanar surface electronics simply and efficiently. Herein, screen-printable inks made of styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene and different aspect-ratio carbon-based materials for conformable electronics are reported. The inks are prepared with carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and reduced graphene oxide as conductive fillers, printed on a flexible substrate and thermoformed. Carbon black and carbon nanotube samples are functional after the process, with conductivities of 96 and 141 S m-1 for the best performing sample of each filler, respectively. Rheological, morphological, thermal, and electrical properties of the materials are also characterized. This study shows the influence of the filler's type and aspect ratio on the morphology and electrical conductivity of the printed materials before and after thermoforming. Screen-printable inks made of styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene and different aspect-ratio carbon-based materials for conformable electronics are presented. Rheological, morphological, thermal, and electrical properties of the materials are characterized. Screen-printed layers are thermoformed in order to study the influence of the carbon-based materials' dimensionality.image (c) 2024 WILEY-VCH GmbH