Building benchmarking and energy performance: Analysis of social and affordable housing in British Columbia, Canada

This research assesses the energy performance of social and affordable housing by conducting quantitative analysis of 23 community housing buildings in British Columbia (BC) using ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager. The study sampled community housing buildings, tracked utility bills from 2019 to 2022, and analyzed weathernormalized energy consumption. We find that high-rise buildings in our dataset performed worse compared to other buildings in the dataset and to market housing buildings in BC. We attribute these differences to variability in building characteristics, construction methods, and mechanical systems. Results also show that average energy consumption per dwelling unit in community housing buildings is lower than the BC average, indicating that residents in social and affordable housing use less energy. This could be linked to the lack of amenities in community housing like air conditioning as well as possible efforts taken by residents to reduce utility bills by using less energy. These results demonstrate that it is important to retrofit these buildings for the sake of building and environmental performance but also, and perhaps more critically, to improve the living conditions of those who live in social and affordable housing. Limited understanding of the influence of occupant behaviour on energy performance is a study limitation warranting further study.