Synthesis, in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities, and an in silico molecular docking study of triazinoindole-thiazolidinone hybrid derivatives

Triazinoindole-thiazolidinone hybrid derivatives (1-10) was synthesised and evaluated them against alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase enzymes. All synthesised derivatives demonstrated a varying range of activity with IC50 values ranging from 1.20 +/- 0.10 to 17.20 +/- 0.40 mu M (alpha-glucosidase) and 1.80 +/- 0.10 to 18.40 +/- 0.40 mu M (alpha-amylase) as compared to standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 10.40 +/- 0.20 mu M & 11.60 +/- 0.20 mu M, respectively). In both cases, derivative 6 (IC50 = 1.20 +/- 0.10 mu M & 1.80 +/- 0.10 mu M) was identified as the most potent derivative in the series, with nine folds more activity than standard drug acarbose. Structure -activity relationship studies mainly depend upon nature, positions, and number(s) of various substitutions on phenyl ring. Molecular docking research was carried out to understand interactions between most active analogues and the enzyme active sites. All derivatives were tested for cytotoxicity against 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell line and detected non-toxic.