Manufacturing and behavioral analysis of functionally graded material fabricated via wire arc additive manufacturing

This study investigates the application of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) for fabricating functionally graded materials (FGMs), focusing on FGM walls (SS 347/316L) using gas metal arc welding. FGMs offer advantages for parts requiring dissimilar welding, providing seamless material transitions without compromising properties. Targeting critical sectors like marine, aerospace, and pressure vessels, the fabricated FGM wall demonstrates superior characteristics, including enhanced tensile strength and microstructural properties compared to traditional wrought alloys. The FGM exhibits a strength of 3.47% greater than that of the stronger material (SS 347), with a simulated strength of 539.9 MPa. The outcomes of the tensile test show a simulated error percentage of less than 1% (0.534%). The study also highlights the potential of WAAM in producing high-performance materials for demanding applications such as aircraft engines, nuclear reactors, and oil and gas pipelines, emphasizing its significance in industrial settings.