Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on characteristic of bike-sharing systems near metro and bus stations

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on various modes of mobility as it spread rapidly worldwide, leading to changes in the landscape of transportation. This research focuses on comparing the usage of bike-sharing and the shifts in cycling behaviour before (2019) and after (2020) the pandemic outbreak in Daejeon, South Korea. Additionally, it examines the role of bike-sharing as a supplementary mode of transport for public transportation systems such as buses and metros during these periods. Our analysis revealed that bike-sharing has become a more prominent mode of transport after the pandemic. We developed a model to calculate the demand ratio of bike-sharing within the catchment areas of bus and metro stations to assess its impact as a supplementary mode. The results indicate an increase in the usage of some dockless bike stations in the catchment areas of buses and metros by 0.22% and 7.29%, respectively. We also conducted a correlation analysis using Point of Interest (POI) data to understand the factors influencing bike-sharing usage. The findings suggest that travel behaviours have shifted towards commercial and recreational destinations. Given its cost-effectiveness and flexibility, bike-sharing could be a sustainable option for urban mobility. Therefore, city planners in Daejeon can use the results of this study to promote bike-sharing and cycling as viable transportation alternatives. COVID-19 increased bike-sharing by 0.22% near metros and 7.29% near bus stations.Bike-sharing demand rose at 70% of Daejeon stations during COVID-19, showing adaptability.Bike-sharing use shifted to commercial trips, aiding urban mobility during the pandemic.A ratio-based model highlighted increased bike use as a public transport supplement.Commercial area correlation indicates a shift from transit to leisure use during COVID-19.