Contemporary advances in the plant resources mediated synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles: Insights on structure-function-workability understanding

Of late, promptly responding materials have been the centre-stage of interdisciplinary research. Nanotechnology has emerged as a blessing herein, enabling atomic scale resolution manifested by increasing precision of structural, surface and functionality probing characterizations. Amongst the manifold nanomaterials, nanoparticles (NPs) of transition metals have swiftly emerged as prominent functionality enhancing entities, attributed to quantum confinement (QC) of d sub-shells unpaired electrons encompassed varied oxidation states. Renewable and eco-friendly methods of making NPs have swiftly gathered scientific and academic attention owing to their steadfast workability. In this context, plant extracts (PEs) serve as green reducing agents to obtain zerovalent NMs from complex metal salts. The prepared NPs are recognized initially via QC driven distinct optics and subsequently through explicit structural inspections. The encouraging aspects of plant resources herein include their robust availability and nature-friendly working, ruling out the separate addition of capping agent. Secondary plant metabolites comprise the backbone of PE, making them even more befitting for biological applications. Realizing this, the present article focuses on the structure-function regulated chemistry of CuO NPs with recent advances in their plant resources driven formation. The discussed studies comprise the post 2018 attempts retrieved from the "Pubmed" using the keywords "Bioactivities of Plant Resources Fabricated Copper Oxide Nanoparticles". The sole objective herein is to understand the diverse applications of CuO NPs vis-`a-vis modulated constitutional energy levels and tuneable semi-conducting features. The discussion herein could strengthen the biomedical an environmental utility of integrating renewable plant resources and CuO NPs versatilities for a sustainable future.