Adequate Levels of Zinc and Copper on Turkey Poult Performance, Immunological Response, and Skeletal Health

In this study, the impact of varying dietary zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) levels on the growth, immunological response, and skeletal health of developing turkey poults was investigated. For 0-4 and 5-8 weeks of age, respectively, three Zn levels of 50, 70, and 90 mg/kg and 45, 65, and 85 mg/kg were employed. Three Cu levels, namely 8, 12, and 16 mg/kg for 0-8 weeks of age, were also utilized. There were 288 (9 x 4 x 8) day-old turkey poults with equal body weight that were randomly assigned to 9 treatments, each consisting of 4 replicates and 8 poults per replicate. In comparison to other dietary combinations, there was a significant (P <= 0.05) increase in body weight gain observed in the 90 and 85 mg Zn/kg with 16 mg Cu/kg diet during 0-4 and 0-8 weeks of age, respectively, and the 70 and 65 mg Zn with 16 mg Cu /kg diet during 0-4 and 0-8 weeks of age, respectively. When compared to low levels of zinc in the diet at 5-8 and 0-8 weeks of age, respectively, feed conversion ratio was shown to be significantly (P <= 0.01) better with 90 and 85 mg Zn/kg diet. In a similar pattern, feed utilization efficiency was considerably (P <= 0.01) higher at 16 mg Cu/kg diet than it was at lower Cu levels in the diets given to the animals over the 0-4 week period. Compared to other dietary combinations, there was a substantial (P <= 0.01) improvement in cell-mediated immune response (foot web index to PHAP) and humoral immune response (HA titer to SRBC) when 85 mg zinc and 16 mg copper/kg diet was consumed at 0-4 and 5-8 weeks of age. At greater dietary Zn and Cu levels than its lower values, the weight of the spleen and thymus was considerably (P <= 0.05) higher. In a dietary combination of 90 mg Zn with 16 mg Cu/kg during 0-4 and 85 mg Zn with 16 mg Cu/kg diet during 5-8 weeks of age, respectively, there were significantly (P <= 0.05) greater bone width (proximal and distal), tibia bone ash, calcium, and phosphorus detected respectively. Significantly (P <= 0.01) greater Zn and Fe contents were found in the tibia bone at 90 and 85 mg Zn/kg diet, respectively, compared to values obtained at other Zn levels in the diet throughout 0-4 and 5-8 weeks of age. During the first 8 weeks of life, a diet containing 12 mg of copper per kilogram was shown to have a significantly (P <= 0.05) increased Zn and Fe content in the tibia bone compared to other levels. It is possible to draw the conclusion from the data that, for growing turkey poults, dietary combinations of 90 mg Zn/kg with 16 mg Cu/kg diet and 85 mg Zn with 16 mg Cu/kg diet between 0 and 4 and 5-8 weeks of age, respectively, were sufficient for optimum development, immunity, and skeletal health indices.