Recent progress and opportunities in 2D-material quantum dots: synthesis, doping, characterization, and applications

The quantum dots derived from the 2D material are finding their applications in sustainable and emerging technologies due to their tunable properties by quantum confinement and scalable synthesis. Elemental doping in these quantum dots can enhance the performance favourably for the desired application. It can further tune the properties of parent counterparts leading to novel and interesting properties and applications. This review demonstrates the excellence of 2D materials-based quantum dots as a material platform. We critically analyzed and present a summary of the top-down and bottom-up synthesis of 2D material-derived quantum dots. Further, the doping of quantum dots and prominent characterization techniques to identify the successful incorporation of dopants in them are presented. In the end, we comprehensively analyzed the applications of these two-dimensional derived quantum dots in energy, optoelectronic, and quantum technological applications.