Sorghum Productivity and Its Farming Feasibility in Dryland Agriculture: Genotypic and Planting Distance Insights

Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is an essential food crop for more than 750 million people in tropical and sub-tropical dry climates of Africa, India, and Latin America. The domestic sorghum market in Indonesia is still limited to the eastern region (East Nusa Tenggara, West Nusa Tenggara, Java, and South Sulawesi). Therefore, it is crucial to carry out sorghum research on drylands. This research aimed to investigate the effect of sorghum genotype and planting distance and their interaction toward growth and sorghum ' s productivity in the Gunungkidul dryland, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In addition, the farm business analysis, including the feasibility of sorghum farming, was also examined. The research used a randomized complete block design (RCBD), arranged in a 5 x 4 factorial with 3 replicates. The fi rst treatment consisted of 5 varieties (2 high-yielding varieties (Bioguma 1 and Kawali) and 3 local sorghum varieties (Plonco, Ketan Merah, and Hitam Wareng)). The second treatment consisted of 4 levels of planting distance, namely 50 x 20 cm, 60 x 20 cm, 70 x 15 cm, and 70 x 20 x 20 cm. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data, where Duncan ' s multiple range test (DMRT) was used post hoc . Plant height, panicle height, panicle width, panicle weight, stover weight, grains weight/plot, and productivity were signi fi cantly affected by sorghum varieties ( p < 0.05). However, there was no signi fi cant effect from the planting distance treatment and no interaction between planting distance and varietal treatments. Ketan Merah had the highest height, panicle length, and panicle width, while Bioguma 1 had the highest stover weight, panicle weight, grain weight/plot, and productivity. There was a signi fi cant linear regression equation, i.e., productivity = 0.0054 - 0.0003 panicle height + 0.4163 grains weight/plot. Our fi ndings on farm business analysis suggested that four out of fi ve tested sorghum varieties were feasible to grow, except for the Ketan Merah variety. The most economically pro fi table sorghum variety to grow in Gunungkidul dryland was Bioguma 1.