Challenges, Citizens' Trust and Privacy Protection Models in e-Government Systems: Security and Privacy Perspective

The research explores the global transformation in government operations through e-government, driven by internet advancements. Despite positive strides, ensuring security and privacy remains a crucial challenge. Key concerns include user authentication, data confidentiality and privacy protection. Public trust issues persist due to inadequate responses to service complaints and security incidents. The study, guided by Kitchenham's framework, delves into e-government adoption obstacles, security and privacy impacts on citizen trust and essential protection models. Findings highlight the need for robust security protocols, secure communication and legislative data protection. The research emphasizes the intricate challenges in developing countries and underscores the holistic approach required for effective privacy protection.