Effect of Obstacle Gradient on the Deflagration Characteristics of Hydrogen/Air Premixed Flame in a Closed Chamber

In this paper, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation is employed to analyze and discuss the effect of obstacle gradient on the flame propagation characteristics of premixed hydrogen/air in a closed chamber. With a constant overall volume of obstacles, the obstacle blocking rate gradient is set at +0.125, 0, and -0.125, respectively. The study focuses on the evolution of the flame structure, propagation speed, the dynamic process of overpressure, and the coupled flame-flow field. The results demonstrate that the flame front consistently maintains a jet flame as the obstacle gradient increases, with the wrinkles on the flame front becoming increasingly pronounced. When the blocking rate gradients are +0.125, 0, and -0.125, the corresponding maximum flame propagation speeds are measured at 412 m/s, 344 m/s, and 372 m/s, respectively, indicating that the obstacle gradient indeed increases the flame propagation speed. Moreover, the distribution of pressure is closely related to changes in the flame structure, with the overpressure decreasing in the obstacle channel as the obstacle gradient increases. Furthermore, the velocity vector and vortex distribution in the flow field are revealed and compared. It is found that the obstacle tail vortex is the main factor inducing flame evolution and flow field changes in a closed chamber. The effect of the blocking rate gradient on flow velocity is also quantified, with instances of deceleration occurring when the blocking rate gradient is -0.125.