Burden and Predictors of Depression in Populations With Coronary Heart Disease

Introduction: Depression significantly impacts the quality of life and medical care in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). This study assesses the burden of depression in adults aged 40 years and above with CHD and evaluates predictors of depression in this population. It has been reported that approximately 1744% of persons with CHD have a major depression diagnosis and that nearly 27% of individuals undergoing coronary artery bypass graft operation suffer depression following the procedure. Methods: Data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey was used. The sample was made up of adults 40 years and above with CHD. A chi-square analysis was used to identify differences between those who were depressed and those who were not. Logistic and ordinal regression analyses were used to identify predictors of depression and severe depression, respectively. Results: The proportion of adults 40 years and above with CHD who reported having depression was 863/1700 (50.5%). Among those who were >65, the proportion of those who reported depression and those who did not were similar (49.3% vs. 50.7%). Most women reported having depression (57.4% vs. 42.6%), while fewer men reported having depression (46.3% vs. 53.7%). The positive predictors of depression include being insured (odds ratio (OR) 1.26 (1.05-1.53), p = 0.016), college degree (OR 1.09 (1.01-1.18), p = 0.040), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.28 (1.15-1.42), p < 0.001), and hypertension (OR 1.34 (1.24-1.44), p < 0.001). The negative predictors of being depressed were age >65 (OR 0.74 (0.69-0.80), p < 0.001), male sex (OR 0.54 (0.50-0.58), p < 0.001), and ratio of family income (RFI) >1 (OR 0.68 (0.61-0.77), p < 0.001). The positive predictors of severe depression include diabetes mellitus (OR 1.38 (1.06-1.81), p = 0.019) and current cigarette use (OR 2.10 (1.44-3.07), p < 0.001). Conclusion: A significant proportion of adults 40 years and above with CHD have depression, and socioeconomic and cardiovascular risk factors are associated with a high likelihood of depression. Cardiovascular risk factors alone predict the likelihood of severe depression. Interventions to address depression in CHD should target specifically these high -risk individuals.