Physical Activity Levels in Transplant Recipients

Background: Physical activity is a key factor in improvement of quality of life. This study aimed to assess the extent of physical activity in solid-organ transplant recipients. Material/Methods: The study involved 106 patients, mostly kidney (64.15%) and liver (28.30%) recipients, observed in a Warsaw transplant center. The study group was dominated by women (56.6%), mean age 49.25 +/- 14.09 years, the time since transplantation ranged from 1 month to 28 years, with a mean of 93.9 +/- 71.83 months. Recipients were educated about physical activity in the immediate post-transplant period and during follow-up visits. The study was conducted in early 2021 and used the long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) validated for Polish patients, consisting of the of 5 parts - physical activity, professional work, travel, housework, recreation, and time spent sitting - containing a total of 27 questions in the main part of the questionnaire and 7 questions in the introductory part determining the typicality of the last 7 days. Results: More than half (57.5%) of the transplant recipients reported high levels of physical activity. Patients reported the highest mean physical activity in job-related physical activity (P<0.001). Patients also had high scores for walking and moderate-intensity physical activity, while the lowest mean scores were for leisure-time physical activity, total vigorous-intensity physical activity, and housework-related activity. Conclusions: When undertaking physical activity, patients turn to activities that do not involve intense effort, are less physically demanding, and do not result in high energy expenditure. Employed patients had higher PA levels in all domains.