Production and launch studies of cryogenic pellets for the ITER disruption mitigation system

被引：4

作者：

Zoletnik, Sandor ^{[1
]}

Bartok, Gergely ^{[1
]}

Buzas, Attila ^{[1
,2
]}

Cseh, Gabor ^{[1
]}

Dunai, Daniel ^{[1
]}

Gardonyi, Gabor ^{[2
]}

Hegedus, Sandor ^{[1
]}

Kocsis, Gabor ^{[1
]}

Malics, Marcell ^{[1
]}

Nagy, Domonkos ^{[1
]}

Refy, Daniel Imre ^{[1
]}

Szabolics, Tamas ^{[1
]}

Szepesi, Tamas ^{[1
]}

Vavrik, Marton ^{[1
]}

Vecsei, Miklos ^{[1
]}

Walcz, Erik ^{[1
,2
]}

Jachmich, Stefan ^{[3
]}

Kruezi, Uron ^{[3
]}

Lehnen, Michael ^{[3
]}

机构：

[1] Ctr Energy Res, Budapest, Hungary

[2] Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Budapest, Hungary

[3] ITER Org, St Paul Les Durance, France

来源：

NUCLEAR FUSION | 2024年 / 64卷 / 09期

关键词：

pellet; shattered pellet injector; cryogenics; ITER;

D O I：

10.1088/1741-4326/ad6676

中图分类号：

O35 [流体力学]; O53 [等离子体物理学];

学科分类号：

070204 ; 080103 ; 080704 ;

摘要：

A support laboratory has been set up to study pellet production, launch and shattering of cryogenic protium, deuterium, and neon pellets for the ITER disruption mitigation system, which plans to use 28.5 x 57 mm (diameter x length) protium, neon an mixture pellets in the Shattered Pellet Injectors. Such large protium pellets have not been produced and launched before, therefore the desublimation and launch process have been studied in detail in two steps. First 19 mm diameter pellets were produced, followed by the demonstration of the final pellet size. Pellet desublimation recipes were established for all pellet types, and it was found that, under certain conditions, even the large neon pellets can be launched with a propellant gas pulse, without requiring a mechanical punch device. This is attributed to cryogenic snow formation on the surface of the pellet. Conditions for the snow formation are studied and tendencies are understood using simple calculations.

引用

收藏

页数：12

相关论文

共 24 条

[1] Design and performance of shattered pellet injection systems for JET and KSTAR disruption mitigation research in support of ITER * [J].

Baylor, L. R. ;

Meitner, S. J. ;

Gebhart, T. E. ;

Caughman, J. B. O. ;

Shiraki, D. ;

Wilson, J. R. ;

Craven, D. ;

Fortune, M. ;

Silburn, S. ;

Muir, A. ;

Peacock, A. T. ;

Park, S. H. ;

Kim, K. P. ;

Kim, J. H. ;

Lee, K. S. ;

Ellwood, G. ;

Jachmich, S. ;

Kruezi, U. ;

Lehnen, M. .

NUCLEAR FUSION, 2021, 61 (10)

[2] Shattered pellet injection technology design and characterization for disruption mitigation experiments [J].

Baylor, L. R. ;

Meitner, S. J. ;

Gebhart, T. E. ;

Caughman, J. B. O. ;

Herfindal, J. L. ;

Shiraki, D. ;

Youchison, D. L. .

NUCLEAR FUSION, 2019, 59 (06)

[3] Pellet-Injector Technology-Brief History and Key Developments in the Last 25 Years [J].

Combs, S. K. ;

Baylor, L. R. .

FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2018, 73 (04) :493-518

[4] Solidification and Acceleration of Large Cryogenic Pellets Relevant for Plasma Disruption Mitigation [J].

Combs, S. K. ;

Meitner, S. J. ;

Gebhart, T. E. ;

Baylor, L. R. ;

Caughman, J. B. O. ;

Fehling, D. T. ;

Foust, C. R. ;

Ha, T. ;

Lyttle, M. S. ;

Fisher, J. T. ;

Younkin, T. R. .

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE, 2016, 44 (09) :1506-1513

[5] A TECHNIQUE FOR PRODUCING LARGE DUAL-LAYER PELLETS IN SUPPORT OF DISRUPTION MITIGATION EXPERIMENTS [J].

Combs, S. K. ;

Leachman, J. W. ;

Meitner, S. J. ;

Baylor, L. R. ;

Foust, C. R. ;

Commaux, N. ;

Jernigan, T. C. .

FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2011, 60 (02) :473-479

[6] First demonstration of rapid shutdown using neon shattered pellet injection for thermal quench mitigation on DIII-D [J].

Commaux, N. ;

Shiraki, D. ;

Baylor, L. R. ;

Hollmann, E. M. ;

Eidietis, N. W. ;

Lasnier, C. J. ;

Moyer, R. A. ;

Jernigan, T. C. ;

Meitner, S. J. ;

Combs, S. K. ;

Foust, C. R. .

NUCLEAR FUSION, 2016, 56 (04)

[7] Demonstration of rapid shutdown using large shattered deuterium pellet injection in DIII-D [J].

Commaux, N. ;

Baylor, L. R. ;

Jernigan, T. C. ;

Hollmann, E. M. ;

Parks, P. B. ;

Humphreys, D. A. ;

Wesley, J. C. ;

Yu, J. H. .

NUCLEAR FUSION, 2010, 50 (11)

[8] Design of the shattered pellet injection system for ASDEX Upgrade [J].

Dibon, M. ;

de Marne, P. ;

Papp, G. ;

Vinyar, I. ;

Lukin, A. ;

Jachmich, S. ;

Kruezi, U. ;

Muir, A. ;

Rohde, V. ;

Lehnen, M. ;

Heinrich, P. ;

Peherstorfer, T. ;

Podymskii, D. .

REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, 2023, 94 (04)

[9] Impact of breech geometry and propellant flow on the release of large pellets for the ITER disruption mitigation system [J].

Gebhart, T. E. ;

Baylor, L. R. ;

Dibon, M. ;

Ericson, M. N. ;

Felske, E. J. ;

Frank, S. S. ;

Gardner, W. L. ;

Ghiozzi, A. G. ;

Jachmich, S. ;

Kruezi, U. ;

Lehnen, M. ;

Velez, D. A. .

NUCLEAR FUSION, 2024, 64 (03)

[10] Recent progress in shattered pellet injection technology in support of the ITER disruption mitigation system * [J].

Gebhart, T. E. ;

Baylor, L. R. ;

Ericson, M. N. ;

Meitner, S. J. ;

Qualls, A. L. ;

Rasmussen, D. A. .

NUCLEAR FUSION, 2021, 61 (10)