The employment consequences of founding an incorporated business among STEM founders: Evidence from Swedish microdata

To what extent do STEM founders benefit from having founded an incorporated business upon returning to employment? Addressing this question would indicate the career value of engaging in entrepreneurship for STEM founders-but an answer remains elusive in the current literature. Drawing on human capital theory, we investigate the earnings consequences for STEM founders who return to employment post-founding a business and whether the earnings are contingent on their rank (managerial versus non-managerial) in the returning organization. Comparing founders to employees with similar characteristics in the STEM labor force in Sweden between 1990 and 2015, we find that founders, on average, earn marginally more (about 1.5%) on returning to employment. However, the earnings are likely to vary significantly depending on rank in the returning organization, as well as other factors such as founders' age, previous earnings in wage employment, and the size of their employer on return. We discuss the implications for research and practice.