China's presence in Mexican manufacturing exports to the U.S. and Canada

China has increased its participation in Global Value Chains (GVC) since 2001 and has been considered an "uninvited member" in the North American integration process. This article uses matrix input-output analysis to analyze China's presence in North American manufacturing chains -from the point of view of Mexican exports during 2000-2014. The findings demonstrate a decline in the share of U.S. value-added embodied in Mexico's manufacturing exports to North America, displaced mainly by Chinese value-added ultimately consumed in the United States. Moreover, inputs from the United States and Canada -embedded in Mexican manufacturing exports- show signs of reprimarization and inputs imported from China show increasing levels of sophistication.