Development of the ADFICE_IT clinical decision support system to assist deprescribing of fall-risk increasing drugs: A user-centered design approach

Introduction Deprescribing fall-risk increasing drugs (FRIDs) is promising for reducing the risk of falling in older adults. Applying appropriate deprescribing in practice can be difficult due to the outcome uncertainties associated with stopping FRIDs. The ADFICE_IT intervention addresses this complexity with a clinical decision support system (CDSS) that facilitates optimum deprescribing of FRIDs by using a fall-risk prediction model, aggregation of deprescribing guidelines, and joint medication management. Methods The development process of the CDSS is described in this paper. Development followed a user-centered design approach in which users and experts were involved throughout each phase. In phase I, a prototype of the CDSS was developed which involved a literature and systematic review, European survey (n = 581), and semi-structured interviews with clinicians (n = 19), as well as the aggregation and testing of deprescribing guidelines and the development of the fall-risk prediction model. In phase II, the feasibility of the CDSS was tested by means of two usability testing rounds with users (n = 11). Results The final CDSS consists of five web pages. A connection between the Electronic Health Record allows for the retrieval of patient data into the CDSS. Key design requirements for the CDSS include easy-to-use features for fast-paced clinical environments, actionable deprescribing recommendations, information transparency, and visualization of the patient's fall-risk estimation. Key elements for the software include a modular architecture, open source, and good security. Conclusion The ADFICE_IT CDSS supports physicians in deprescribing FRIDs optimally to prevent falls in older patients. Due to continuous user and expert involvement, each new feedback round led to an improved version of the system. Currently, a cluster-randomized controlled trial with process evaluation at hospitals in the Netherlands is being conducted to test the effect of the CDSS on falls.