Polarization beam splitter based on 2D transmissive grating

This paper introduces a two-dimensional transmissive grating polarization beam splitter (PBS) exhibiting exceptional polarization-sensitive properties with high diffraction efficiency. The optimized grating structure can concentrate the energy of TE-polarized light at the (0, +/- 1) orders and the energy of TM-polarized light at the (+/- 1, 0) orders under normal incidence with a wavelength of 550nm. The polarization splitting diffraction efficiency (DE) of the grating can reach 40.17%, and the extinction ratio (ER) exceeds 18dB. This proposal marks the pioneering use of two-dimensional transmissive grating to achieve a polarization beam splitter in two perpendicular diffraction planes, presenting an innovative approach to the development of such devices. The proposed grating structure is simple, high-performing, tolerant, and applicable in a wide range of applications such as polarization imaging and high-precision two-dimensional displacement measurement.